Multiracial Society played an Important Part in Civilization

The Incas, the largest oldest and best organized of the civilizations, was a rigidly regimented system that operated without written records or accounts. ruin notes their achievements in pottery, weaving, medicine and agriculture were magnificent ( fire 7). Finally, the Aztecs were withal super successful, having devised the pictograph, an accurate calendar, an impressive architecture, and an elaborate and effective system of establishment (Burns 8).

However, while these civilizations flourished, events were occurring In Europe that would change them forever. Burns expand the rise of Portugal as the fore around ocean advocator and its initial forays into Africa in 1415 (Burns 12-13). Most significantly, in 1492, Christopher Columbus "discovered" Latin the States (Burns 13). Then, in 1494, in the Treaty of Tordesillas, Spain and Portugal agreed to assort the world along an imaginary line that effectively gave Portugal the near to dominate one half of the world while Spain would be free to dominate the other. The Portuguese responded by establishing their commercial pudding stone along the coasts of South America, Africa, and Asia (Burns 14).

In addition, the Caribbean, with its proximity to Europe, its important sea lane for Spanish shipments, and its increasingly attractive tropical products, had already aroused the interest of the Dutch, English and French (Burns 18). T

The privileged classes in Latin America were most interested in reforming commerce and trade (Burns 69). The physiocrat doctrine that riches derived from nature (agriculture and mining) and multiplied under minimal governmental bursting charge gained support among Brazilian intellectuals and they began to speak out in regard of reducing or abolishing taxes and duties and greater freedom of trade (Burns 69). However, stinting dissatisfaction extended beyond the elite (Burns 71). Many popular elements also protested high taxes and other forms of oppression. Burns believes that the Latin Americans eventually came to do that to effect the reforms they desired they themselves would have to wield economic power (Burns 72).

In Chapter Six, "New Actors on an Old Stage," Burns maintains that devil trends emerged with clarity as Latin America approached the hundredth anniversary of its independence movements (Burns 170). The first was the emergence of the United States as a major world power and the other was the emergence of split-defined set sectors with Latin America.

In Chapter Three, "Independence," Burns discusses the movements in Latin America toward independence for the native populations. He argues that during the colonial period, the psychology of the Latin Americans, particularly the elite, changed significantly, partly from a greater appreciation of and self-esteem in the regions where they were born and raised and partly form a fuller understanding that their own interest could be better served if they themselves made the fundamental economic and political decisions (Burns 67). Most of Latin America achieved its independence in the first two decades of the nineteenth century.

Despite the fact that agriculture formed the basis for the area's economy, Burns states that few nations tried to reform the old agrarian twist (Burns 230). The landowning system in most of Latin American has remained flagrantly unjust due to the accumulation of huge trac
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