Pneumonia Acquired in United States Commuinty

treetop is usually guinea pigd by Streptococcus pneumoniae and other bacterial infections, but whitethorn be caused by other bacteria, Legionella, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, viruses, or fungi (6). A chest xray is the most definitive diagnostic test, and sputum cultures end be used to identify the strain of infection and its susceptibleness to antibiotic drugs. S. pneumoniae is still the most common organism obligated for CAP, followed by Haemophilus influenzae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. In those over 65 years of age, staph aureus, gram-negative bacilli, respiratory viruses, and Haemophilus influenzae are the most common cause of CAP (4). However, File, Tan and Plouffe (8) point turn out that the pathogen remains strange in 30 percent to 50 percent of cases of CAP.

It is all-important(a) when diagnosing suspected cases of CAP to determine if the patient really has pneumonia or a systemic infectious disease with a pulmonary component (7:123). If a case of pneumonia has unexplained extrapulmonary signs, symptoms, and testing ground ab generalities, atypical pneumonia should be presumed. A population-based case-control study of risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia was carried out in a mixed residential-industrial urban area of 74,610 inhabit

9. Hedlund, J. U.; Hansson, L-O.; Ortqvist, A. B. Hypo albumenemia in hospitalized patients with community- acquired pneumonia. Arch. Int. Med. 155:1438-1442; 1995.

Patients with hypoalbuminemia admitted to hospital for CAP have an increased morbidity and mortality than those with normal albumin levels, and low serum albumin concentrations were found to be a negative prognostic factor for the outcome during later recurrences of pneumonia (9). dispirit serum albumin levels were found to be due to the incendiary reaction in CAP. Sankaran et al (11) found that CAP patients had bring down levels of sodium, calcium, potassium, phosphate, cholesterol, albumin and alanine aminotransferase than control patients, and that these factors, and blood pHs less than 7.34 resulted in a higher level of mortality in these patients.

Pneumonia patients to a fault showed higher levels of bicarbonate compared to controls. Pneumonia patients with hypophosphatemia had significantly lower levels of potassium, calcium, and albumin compared to those with normal phosphate levels, and higher levels of glucose and creatine phosphokinase (11:595). The pneumonia patients with hypophosphatemia experienced a perennial hospital stay than those with normal phosphate levels. The study suggested that hypophosphatemia, hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, and hypoalbuminemia may be predictors of the severity of illness in patients with bacterial pneumonia. The in a higher place two studies suggest that altered serum levels of electrolytes and albumin in CAP patients lead to increased morbidity and mortality in these patients.

Craven and Steger (6) state that most cases of nosocomial pneumonia result from tendency of bacteria from the oropharynx or stomach into the tracheobronchial tree. They add that approximately 45 percent of healthy subjects aspirate during sleep, and that aspiration is more public in patients with altered consciousness, abnormal swallowing, depressed gag reflexes, slow gastric emptying,
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