The Political Process of Making a Law

Subsequent chapters cover " examine the polity process," "The nature of habitual problems," "Getting problems to government," "Formulating proposals," "Legitimating programs," "Budgeting for programs," "Implementing programs," and "Evaluating programs," with a net chapter entitled "Conclusion as prelude." The topical chapters might be regarded as forming three large sections: how concerns are defined as public issues for which governmental action is appropriate, how a governmental chemical reaction to issues is defined and established as a policy, and how the resulting policy is carried out.

both of these processes are considered against the backdrop of what Jones sees as a rapidly evolving policy process. Between the early 1960s and the early 1980s, the overall size of government roughly doubled (due to inflation, the dollar proceeds seemed very(prenominal) much larger). . This edition of the book was written during the Reagan administration, which though maintain a reduction of government as an objective, was able to obtain only some decrease in its rate of growth.

As government itself expanded, so did the policymaking apparatus. Jones wrote at a time when the " royal presidenc

Beyond the formal social organization of government, recent decades fork over also seen the enormous growth of privy organizations and organizations created specifically to influence government. This development has gone far ult the stage reached when Jones wrote in 1984. At that time, such bodies acted through tender politicians; today we see the middleman increasingly cut out, as organizations mount their own thinly disguised political advertisements, passing out only the words " select for" or "vote against.

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y" of the postwar decades was already in decline, but the institution of the presidency continued to grow, with White House offices proliferating to shape policy, chronic a gradual process by which Cabinet officers have become less direct consultants to the president (their place interpreted by individuals such as the national security advisor or the Counsel of Economic Advisors), and more managers of portions of the sprawling executive director branch. The congressional policymaking process also expanded, with larger staffs for members and committees, and a growth of advisory bodies such as the Congressional Budget Office.

The roughly important and least obvious role of extragovernmental policy groups is in putting issues on the public table. We are all long-familiar with the arguments and jockeying that take place once an issue is already on the table, but we hardly notice an issue till it is already there. An interesting example provided by Jones is that of child abuse. As he writes, "the physical abuse of children is the sort of problem that evokes general public attention and sympathy. Yet for centuries it was dealt with almost exclusively in the confidential sector."

In the third edition of An Introduction to the Study of habitual Policy, Jones sought to steer something of a middle course. As a result his work shares something of the strengths and weaknesses of both approaches. The passage of 15 eld has not so transformed American government as to render his gener
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